Blair Speech

    February 25, 2003

    The President
    The White House
    Washington, DC 20500

    Dear Mr. President:

    We write because we share the view that it is essential to bring Saddam Hussein's dictatorship in Iraq to an early end. Broad and bi-partisan support at home -- not simply passive assent -- must be sought for this objective. It is a deeply serious undertaking, with great risks, heavy costs and long-lasting responsibilities. Steps are also needed to respond to misconceptions abroad about the underlying causes of this conflict and your purposes that feed an ugly anti-Americanism. We must act alone if that proves necessary, but first we must do all we can to win allies.

    We believe you can now alter the course of this debate by making a clear and specific statement about your plans for helping to lay a foundation for representative government, freedom of speech, human rights and the rule of law in Iraq. Time and again, the commitment to human rights and democracy has been the saving grace of American foreign policy.

    The legal and procedural issues now before the United Nations are immensely important. The threat Iraq and its weapons pose to us and to others is truly grave. But attention to these matters must not allow us to lose sight of the vast and continuing cruelty of Saddam Hussein's rule, or the possibilities that will be created by his departure. Inadequate concern for the plight of the people of Iraq and for their future has diminished debate about Iraq here and, even more so, abroad.

    Many here and abroad who question the wisdom of going to war nevertheless acknowledge that the Iraqi dictator is among the most oppressive and vicious rulers of our time. A Special Rapporteur for the United Nations Human Rights Commission has described his abuses as “the worst since World War II.” For many years Freedom House has rated Saddam Hussein's regime as among "the worst of the worst" violators of political and civil rights, and Human Rights Watch has called for his trial for crimes against humanity. After the Balkan catastrophes, it is widely acknowledged that war criminals should not be granted the immunities traditionally enjoyed by heads of sovereign states.

    Many in your Administration are clearly committed to helping establish democracy in Iraq. But some at times have questioned the value of such “nation building,” have shown reluctance to make far-reaching international commitments, or have been hesitant about steps that may unsettle traditional allies. So far, your Administration's plans for American political and humanitarian assistance to post-war Iraq leave some significant uncertainties. The budget just passed by Congress includes little money for the substantial reconstruction effort that will almost surely be needed. Nor is it likely that such costs will be paid unless those asked to shoulder them can see that they are fairly shared.

    There are those who fear that “regime change" in Iraq may not mean that a new regime will necessarily be a free and democratic one. There are those who fear that once we have satisfied our own security concerns, we will become indifferent to the security needs of those in Iraq and elsewhere in the region who have helped us. You can challenge these doubts and appeal to those who abhor Saddam Hussein by announcing a plan to help establish freedom and democratic self-government in Iraq.

    In our view, such a strategy should commit the United States to:

  • Maintaining substantial U.S. military forces in Iraq for as long as may be required to ensure a stable, representative regime is in place and functioning.

  • Insisting that genuine democracy must be based on the free choice of all Iraqis who reside in the country. During a transition period, U.S. military authority and the efforts of pro-democracy Iraqis should be supplemented by the presence of monitors and technical experts drawn from societies that have been through the difficulties of change from authoritarian to democratic rule, especially those who are adherents of Islam.

  • Insisting that democracy must be much more than the election of a government. It will require guarantees of civil and political rights, freedom of the media, freedom of religion, the impartial administration of justice, and the other bedrock practices and institutions of democratic governance. It will require the development of institutions of civil society as well as those of politics and government.

  • Recognizing the legitimate concerns of distinct ethnic and religious groups within Iraq, and assisting in the creation of a federal system that sustains Iraq's integrity while permitting latitude for local administration.

  • Guaranteeing that Iraq's oil wealth will be used for the benefit of the Iraqi people, and explaining how this will be accomplished.

  • Assuring that adequate resources will be available for this undertaking, even if many among our traditional allies shirk their responsibilities.

    We believe that a significant body of opinion can be persuaded of the view argued by Prime Minister Tony Blair: "Ridding the world of Saddam would be an act of humanity." A clear statement of your plan for supporting democracy and human rights in Iraq and elsewhere in the Middle East will help us all reach out to those who are open to this truth.

    Sincerely,

    Bernard Aronson, Former Assistant Secretary of State

    Ronald Asmus, German Marshall Fund of the United States

    Robert Benne, Roanoke College Center for Religion and Democracy

    Hyman Bookbinder

    J. Budziszewski, Professor, Government and Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin

    Bruce Chapman, President, Discovery Institute; Former US Ambassador to the United Nations Organizations, Vienna

    Richard Cizik, Vice President for Governmental Affairs, National Association of Evangelicals

    Joie Delugah, Volunteer Long Term Care Ombudsman, State of California

    Thomas R. Donahue

    Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr. Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, SAIS, Johns Hopkins University

    Mark Falcoff, American Enterprise Institute

    John J. Flynn, President, International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers, AFL-CIO

    David Forte, Professor of Law, Cleveland State University

    Hillel Fradkin, President, Ethics and Public Policy Center

    Deborah A. Harding

    Nat Hentoff, Columnist, Village Voice, Washington Times

    Allen Hertzke, Presidential Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Oklahoma

    Rachelle Horowitz, Former Political Action Director, American Federation of Teachers

    Bruce P. Jackson, President, Program on Transitional Democracies

    Robert Kagan, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

    Max M. Kampelman

    Adrian Karatnycky

    Penn Kemble, Social Democrats, USA

    Irena Kirkland

    Diane Knippers, President, Institute on Religion and Democracy

    Robert S. Leiken, The Nixon Center

    Sarah Lohmann, Fulbright Scholar

    Herbert Magidson, Vice President, American Federation of Teachers

    Will Marshall, President, Progressive Policy Institute

    Paul Marshall, Senior Fellow, Freedom House

    Clifford D. May, President, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies

    Gerald R. McDermott, Professor of Religion, Roanoke College

    Faith McDonnell, Religious Liberty Program Director, Institute on Religion and Democracy

    Constantine Menges, Hudson Institute; former Special Assistant for National Security Affairs to President Reagan

    Joshua Muravchik, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute

    David Novak, J. Richard and Dorothy Shiff Chair of Jewish Studies, University of Toronto

    Michael Novak, George Frederick Jewett Scholar in Religion, Philosophy and Public Policy, American Enterprise Institute

    James Nuechterlein, Editor, First Things

    Thomas Oden, Professor of Theology and Ethics, Drew University

    Mark Palmer, Former United States Ambassador to Hungary

    Martin Peretz, Editor-in-Chief, The New Republic

    Juliana Geran Pilon, Institute of World Politics

    Diane Ravitch, New York University

    Richard Schifter, Former Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights

    Nina Shea, Director, Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House

    Fred Siegel, Senior Fellow, Progressive Policy Institute; Professor, Cooper Union for Science and Art

    R. Emmett Tyrrell, Editor-in-Chief, American Spectator; Adjunct Fellow, Hudson Institute

    Ben Wattenberg, Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute

    The Very Rev. George L.W. Werner, President, House of Deputies, The Episcopal Church, U.S.A.

    Leon Wieseltier, Literary Editor, The New Republic

    Jennifer Windsor

    Morely Winograd

    R. James Woolsey, Former Director of Central Intelligence


    List in formation. Affiliations for identification purpose only.


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